Bab 4 softskill The reality

The reality

Decision Making savvy interposed by:

Ralp C. Davis

Mary Follet

 James A.F. Stoner.

Decision can be worded as a result trouble-shooting, besides shall also be constituted for logic and judgment, best alternative establishment, and has to approach aim already being established.

A spontaneous taker has to notice such things as logic, realita, rasional, and pragmatics.

In common take theory savvy decision is, approaching tech that is utilized in decision making or process process choose action as trouble-shooting. 

Decision Making function

individual or good group institutionally or organisasional even, futuristik's character.

To the effect Decision Making

To the effect that gets singles character (just one problem and not gets bearing with other problem)

To the effect that gets double character (problem each other gets bearing, can get kontradiktif's character or even not kontradiktif)

To the effect and decision making

 Alternative identifications, decision for trouble-shooting

 Count hits indiscernible factors,

 Medium or tool to evaluate or measures result

George R. terry, wording basics of prevailing decision making,

 Intuition

Experience

Fact

Authority

Rasional

John D.Miller, wording influential factor deep decision makings,

 Man and woman,

Decision Making role,

Ability limitation

Spontaneous group bases program ,

 Programmed decision making;

 Decision making doesn't be programmed.

Based spontaneous group environmental ,

1. Decision making in condition Must;

2. Decision making in condition beresiko

3. Decision making in condition incertain

4. Decision making in condition Conflict.

Problems Invented phase

Trouble-shooting phase (state of nature)

Decision Making phase (payoff)

according to Herbert A. Simon exists three phases

Intelegensia's phase

phase Designs

Elect phase (selection)

According to Richard I. Levin exists 6 (six) phase:

Observation phase

analisis's phase and Problem recognition

Model development

Choosing entry data suitably

Formulation and pengetesan

Resolving.

according to sir Francis Bacon

merumusakan / defines problem

relevant information gathering

looking for action alternative

analisis is alternative

choosing best alternative

performing decision and result evaluation.

Model is sequential one contain element that gets character penyederhanaanuntuk can be imitated.

Subdivided model on

Quantitative model

kualitatif's model

That model still most subdivides deep:

Probability model

Expectations Appreciative concept

Matrix model

Spontaneous Treed model (Decision tree is Model)

Indiferen's curve model (unaware curve)

Computer Simulation model; (mathematics model, simulation, operational game, verbal's model, physical model).

Vocabulary :

Judgment                     : pertimbangan

A spontaneous            : Satu keputusan

Savvy                           : pengertian

Utilized                        : dimanfaatkan

Bearing                        : kaitan

Count                           : Perhitungan

Authority                     : Otoritas

Environmental             : Lingkungan

Invented                      : Ditemukan

sequential                   : percontohan

Subdivided                   : Dibagi lagi

SOURCE: 

http://danu suryani. blogspot. com / 2012 / 01 / management and source developments. html

http://irfanramadhan4. wordpress. com / 2011 / 10 / 03 / decision making steps in economic tech /

Bab 3 softskill step in the decision

Step in the decision

1.    Recognition / problem Identification

First step in pengabilan decision is recognize aught problem. A period evoked if available distinctive among wish which at establish by situation truthfully happen. Mark sense distinctive it not secures that seseorabg will direct make decision to troubleshoot. First, one that has we do which is know to mark sense distinctive. We shall know to mark sense problem before beginning look for trouble-shooting. Both of, realise to mark sense distinctive among keinginana yana at establishes and fact truthfully be not enough for initiating decision making. We motivated for shall reduce that difference. Third, besides that things we shall also have peengetahuan, skill, ability, and sumbe is resource to troubleshoot that.

2.    Pendenifisi is aim

After our first step finds, drawned out by undertaking pendenifisi to the effect of spontaneous one we will take following. There are several aim amongst those:

·         Exploration (exploration), get bearing with effort to determine what a phenomenon available or not.

·         Description (description), get bearing with pengkajian phenomenon on a more rinci or differentiates it dgn the other phenomenon

·         Predict (prediction), effort get to identify relationship (relevance) one that enables we venture (account) something about thing (X ) by know (based) the other thing (Y. ).

·         Eksplanasi (explanation), mengkaji is causality between phenomenon or more.

·         Action (action), can keep on one of aim upon with stipubting establishment to find solution with acting something.

After we know aim type what do we waits for as one decision, begin make many decisions and sorts decision which suitably of to the effect upon.

1.    Gathering data that at requires

After 2nd stage to be done further is beginning gather data that at requires to be able to get alternative decision that need.

2.    alternative's identification that may / reasonable

Beginning gathers all alternative that may can at takes a decision as much.

3.    select to determine alternative best and relastionship Determination to the effect, alternative, data & criteria è membuat model

Of such a degree identification alternative who may and reasonably, formulate alternative the most concerning among data aim and criteria what do at wants. That is that mejadi alternative will of about problem which will be one decision.

4.    Predicting result of each alternative and Chooses alternative best to reach to the effect

After chooses alternative that. best of all approaches from thing aim that hereafter at do be beginning predict of each altenatif that at chooses. What following will in one's line which at wants. In prose this so at requires accurate count of all flank in order not to evoke fault at its coming.

Of result predicts this is which that menunjukan will which alternative that good for at makes as decision of aught problem.

This following isa decision making example engineering,

One machine part at production with cost for material 40sen and 15sen's labour cost per satuannya. Investment as big as $500,000. 00 at needs for equipment. Aught order for memproduksi as much 3 million satuan that goods. On order working out middle, one method justs receive at applies for memproduksi that goods one will down old for material as 34sen and 10sen's labour cost its association, seta was needed by affix $100,000. 000 for equipment. Other costs at estimate 250% adri labour costs, will that method change advantages?

Working out:

A's alternative: regular by methodics long time

Bahan               's cost 1,500,000. 00 x 0.4      = $600,000. 00

Kerja     's energy cost 1,500. 000. 00 x 0.15    = $225,000. 00

Cost lain              2.5 x kerja        's energy cost = $562.000.00

intuk's totaled cost rest 1,5000,ooo. oo satuan barang   = $1,387,500. 00

 Vocabulary :

Recognition     : Pengenalan

Distinctive       : perbedaan

Truthfully         : yang sesungguhnya

Troubleshoot   : selesaikan masalah

Initiating          : memulai

Spontaneous   : keputusan

Predict             : Ramalkan

Stipubting        : persyaratan

Establishment : penetapan

Reasonably      : layak

Bab 2 softskill management human

Management and human

With gets its medley human resource, faced problem organisational also getting complex because organization is brought up on human resource management that progressively medley that.

Organization constitutes flock place and be cooperative to reach specific-purpose, more and more the interesting man resource over there getting complex too organisational that. Human resource management is not something new, since since before have a lot of is talked in particular how to human resource management that effective deep an organization.

Armstrong (1988) interpose that human resource management is an approaching to four basic principles which is;

1.      Human resource is an asset most importantly which had by an organization.

2.      Organisational success is very likely to be reached by manusis's resource of that firm interaction.

3.      Culture and firm point, organisational atmosphere and behavioural manajerial that indigenous that culture will give big influence to usufruct the best one attainment.

4.      Integration, which is makes all that organisational member plays ball with to reach to the effect with.

Management and human resource development is process one to cover some stage. First, corporate projection collation (condition of internal organization), Both of sighting management ability document to determine lead talent that is now to be had (education, experience, compensation, communication and motivation). Third, peyusunan designs lead commutation.

Dessler more (1986) interpose that management zoom that variably have development requirement that variably too. This research wants to lift problem to one and both of since that problem highly complex.

 (1 ) organissasi's Conditions

Condition of organization is condition where fire an employee to work that cover opportunity equation is to all organization member, don't mark sense behaviour difference in task performing, mark sense developmental program in shaped training and marks sense following taste have is to all organization member.

 (2 ) Educations

Education is band or continual ladder one points out. step-up and human resource development that covers:

a ) common Education or elementary education that constitute that stock SDM has basic science that is equal to and ready to be coached.

b ) technical skilled Trainings (technical know how) or professionalism for area one particular good low level, intermediate, or tall.

Training ladder for developmental self, getting things square SDM IS more creative, are not just have technical ability, but also have manajerial's ability, develop self to become element lead in its area that can be developed.

 (3 ) Experiences

            Experience is individual's learning or ordinary called by learningform experience or learning of experience. Thing that needs to be noticed deep this learning performing is:

a. Experience type that can push development.

b. What do can be taught by experience, and

c. Design developmental system that can wreak maximal benefit.

 (4 ). Compensation

Compensation is management appreciation that is given in common with aim gives push to attainment utilised employee intent organisational, or all something which accepted by employees as recompensation for their job (Handoko, 1989:155). In this research compensation which is lifted is shaped deep compensation seed money, training program, effort permit publication and counselling because compensation fourth this is that indispensable entrepreneur for over increase organization performance.

 (5 ) Communications

Communication is other people causative activity interpret a IDE, particularly which meant by speaker or writer (Flippo, 1992:448). In this research appointed communication process is awareness of the importance for communication, commitment to get communication, involvement zoom fires an employee to get communication with behalfs utilised superior organisational and support of all party on most composes good communication it among employee by fires an employee and employee with superior.

 (6 ) Motivations

Motivation constitutes effect of someone interaction with situated given one be faced, so exists distinctive deep force motivate that pointed out by someone in face particular situation compared with by others that face same situation (Siagian, 1997:137).

Analisis is economy in economic tech so germane with decision making problem. That at kRENkn a decision making happens if exist a minimum 2 alternative who shall at chooses one of it. According to de garmo, et al. (1984), if has no to mark sense alternative (there's only one option), therefore not necessarily at does analisis economy. So clear among analisis economy by processes decision making available relationship which hand in glove.

According to Newman (1988), process decision making that rasional usually consisting of 8 stages, which is:

1.      Recognition / problem identification

2.      Identification is aim

3.      Collecting is data that at requires

4.      altenatif's identification that may / reasonable

5.      kreteria's elect to determine alternative best

6.      Subjective determination among intent, alternative, data & criteria è makes model.

7.      Predicting result of each alternative

8.      Choosing alternative besting to reaches to the effect

Vocabulary :

Getting            : semakin

brought up       : dibesarkan

flock                : berkumpul

approaching    : berkumpul

atmosphere     : atmosfer

indigenous      : berasal dari

usufruct           : hasil 

attainment      : pencapaian

corporate         : perusahaan

projection        : proyeksi

collation          : penyusunan  

sighting           : peninjauan

compensation : ganti-rugi

opportunity      : kesempatan

interpose         : kemukakan

ladder              : jenjang

equal               : sama

coached           : dilatih

particular         : tertentu

Experiences     : Pengalaman

Distinctive       : perbedaan